This master’s thesis aims at undertaking a detailed analysis of the material flow of rare earth permanent magnets in the backdrop of the global transition to green energy. Being a literature review and analysis of public data, the study charts the complex process of these important materials – creation, usage, and recycling. In a detailed manner, the research analyses the manufacturing of rare ea1th permanent magnets and the social and environmental impacts that are linked to the extraction, processing, and production of the products. Furthermore, the thesis examines the importance of rare earth magnets in different green energy technologies such as wind turbines, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient appliances. Moreover, the research examines the difficulties and possibilities of recycling and recovering rare earth permanent magnet, including the collection system, separation method, and recycling of the material into the supply chain. Based on the current approach to recycling of REMs and technologies in development for their recycling, this research seeks to understand how the circularity of REMs can be improved. This paper’s conclusions have implications for understanding the material flow of rare earth permanent magnets and the efficient use of resources and waste reduction during the transition to green energy. In doing so, this thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of policymakers, industrial actors, and scholars of the opportunities for creating a sustainable and more resilient energy system.
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