This dissertation examines the significance of heavy metals and trace elements as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and research. The research focuses on the effects of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) on cancer development and treatment results. This research examines the influence of these components on cancer growth, therapeutic responses, and survival rates through a systematic assessment of current literature and a thematic analysis. The key findings indicate that higher levels of iron and copper are linked to more aggressive forms of cancer and worse outcomes. Still, selenium’s antioxidant qualities have the potential to improve survival rates.
This dissertation also explores the dual functions of arsenic and cadmium in the development of cancer and their possible use in therapy despite their poisonous nature. This highlights the complex nature of how these components interact with cancer processes and emphasises the importance of using subtle and sophisticated methods to manage their impacts. The research synthesises diverse findings to present a holistic perspective on using trace elements and heavy metals as biomarkers and their influence on clinical practices. It provides valuable insights into their potential contributions to personalised medicine.
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